The Compute Divide in Machine Learning: A Threat to Academic Contribution and Scrutiny?

Tamay Besiroglu, Sage Andrus Bergerson, Amelia Michael, Lennart Heim, Xueyun Luo, Neil Thompson

January 8, 2024
Industrial and academic AI labs differ sharply in compute access. We document how this divide coincides with reduced representation of academic-only teams in compute‑intensive topics (e.g., foundation models) and argue academia may play a smaller role in advancing techniques, scrutiny, and diffusion. We recommend expanding academic access (e.g., national compute, open science), plus structured access and auditing to enable measured external evaluation of industry systems.